[Assembly language](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs216/guides/x86.html#:~:text=The add instruction adds together,may be a memory location.&text=The inc instruction increments the,of its operand by one.)

masking in solidity: diamond standard implementation

typecast signature to 32bit

solidity views 0x as a decimal if you try to typecast

ABI Specification

abi.encodePacked